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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1,.

B. ARNOLD. WOVEN-PABRIG AND LOQM FOR WEAVING SAME. No. 5793 12. PatentedMar. 23, 1897.

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(NoModeL) 5 SheetsSheet 2.

B. ARNOLD. V WOVEN FABRIG AND LOOM FOR WEAVING SAME.

N0. 579,312.. J PatntedMar. 23, 1897.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3. B. ARNOLD.

WOVEN FABRIC AND LOOM FOR-.WEAVING SAME. No. 579,312. Patented Mar. 23,.1897.

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

B. ARNQLD.

WOVEN FABRIC AND LOOM FOR. WBAVING' SAME.

No. 579,312. r Patented Mar. 23, 1897..

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

ARNOLD. WOVEN FABRIC AND LOOM FOR WBAVING SAME. No. 579.312. PatentedMarFZS, 1897.

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 579,312, dated March23, 1897. Application filed August 5, 1896. Serial No. 601,721. (Nomodel.)

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Zeit known that I, BENJAMIN ARNOLD, of East Greenwich, in the county ofKent and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Woven Fabrics and Looms for lVeavin g the Same; and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part ofthis specification It is the aim ofmy invention to produce a fabric of awidth and character which shall particularly fit the same for use inmaking hose-pipe and bags and for other special purposes. For somereasons it is deemed desirable that the woven fabrics employed aswrappings in the manufacture of hose-pipe and fabrics used in makingbags should be made in the form of strips or webs having the warp andweft threads disposed in lines which extend diagonally across the widththereof. l-Iereto'fore in practice the strips or webs thus employed havebeen produced by taking a web of cloth which has been woven inthe usualmanner, with the weft-threads thereof extending across the web at rightangles to the selvages, and cutting the Web diagonally across intostrips, which are joined together at the selvage portions thereof toform continuous lengths of cloth having the warp and Weft threadsdisposed diagonally with reference to its sides.

It is my object to obviate the necessity for cutting an ordinary webdiagon all yinto strips and joining the latter as just described in themanufacture of a fabric having the warp and weft threads crossing thesame diagonally from side to side thereof.

M y invention consists of an improved woven fabric formed with selvagesat the opposite edges thereof and composed of warp and weft threadswhich extend diagonally across the fabric from selvage to selvagethereof and crossing each other at right angles in like manner as theusual warp and weft threads cross one another in the ordinary wovenfabric.

My invention also consists in a loom of novel construction whereby I amenabled to weave the fabric aforesaid.

My invention will first be described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, makingreferen ce by letters to the parts shown in the latter,and will be particularly pointed out and defined in the claims at theclose of this specification.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a View in side elevation of a loomembodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a view thereof in sectional plan, theplane of section being indicated by dotted line 2 z in Figs. 1 and 13.Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are views in detail of some of the parts which areshown in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a view of the loom in plan, the devices forrocking certain of the warp-supports being omitted. Figs. 7, 8, 9, and10 are detail views intended to illustrate the construction andoperation of the devices by means of which the sheds are prod need inthe loops of the Warpthread. Figs. 11 and ll are views of a portion ofthe fabric embodying my invention. Fig. 12 is a View representing theapplication of the said fabric as a wrapping or covering for ahose-pipe. Fig. 13 is a detail view, partly in section, intended toillustrate the reed and its actuating devices. Fig. 14 is a detail Viewillustrating the devices by which the warp-thread is applied to the twotraveling series of Warp-supporting devices. Figs. 15 and 16 are detailviews, in side elevation and plan ,respectively, showing the devices foreffecting the onward movement of one of the series of warp-sup portingdevices. Fig. 17 is a detail view in perspective, illustrating one ofthe devices whereby the loops formed in the warp-thread are supported atone side of the loom and moved for the formation of sheds. Fig. 18 is adetail view, partly in section, illustrating a portion of the deviceswhereby the weftcarrier is operated. Fig. 1!) is a diagram intended toillustrate the mode of operation of the reed-actuating devices.

The loom-frame is shown at A, and to the same are applied brackets J J,serving for the 5 support of the axes of the rollers B B Z) l). Therollers lettered B B are placed at one side of the loom, and around thesame passes an endless carrier-belt D, while those lettered b b areplaced at the other side thereof, and around the same passes an endlesscarrierbelt D. (See Fig. 15.) Each carrier-belt is provided with aseries of points or equivalent loop-supports, these being lettered g gin the drawings, Fig. 6, and upon the two series of points or supports gg is looped a continuous warp-thread 8, coming from a bobbin 8 or otherconvenient source of supply, the successive loops of the saidwarp-thread extending side by side and close together across from thepoints or supports on the belt D to the points or supports on the beltD. The loops are held by those points or supports which are on the upperportions of the belts, and they move therewith in the directionindicated by the arrow in Fig. 6, the belts being given a step-by-stepor intermittent forward movement by devices which will hereinafter bedescribed. As shown in Fig. 6, the belt D is shorter than the belt D,and while the left-hand ends of the said belts are in line with eachother the right-hand end of the belt D extends farther to the right thanthe corresponding end of the belt D. In consequence of this and of thefact that the loops of the warp-thread are applied to the points 9 g asthe latter pass upward around the rollers B b at the right-hand side inFig. 6 it follows that the loops of the warp-thread extending from thepoints g to the points g have the diagonal position in the loom which isrepresented in Fig. 6.

In order to loop the warp-thread automatically upon the points orsupports 9 g as the said points or supports ascend at the sides of therollers B b, I provide a reciprocating guide h, which is caused first topass in pro imity to and beyond a point or support of one series ofpoints or supports and then caused to pass across in proximity to andbeyond one of the points or supports of the other seriesof points orsupports, this operation being continuously repeated. The thread-guideIt moves adjacent to those portions of belts D D which are passingupward around the right-hand rollers 13 Z) in Fig. 6. Each time theguide swings out beyond a point or support of either series it lays thewarp-thread above such point or support, and before it returns inwardthe belt carrying the said point or support is advanced a step, so thatwhen the guide returns inward the thread will be conducted below thesaid point or support and thereby looped around the same.

In Fig. 14 the thread-guide h is shown as a lever which is provided atits upper end with an eye or tube 1' for the warp-thread to pass throughand is pivoted at its lower end to a hanger r, the said lever havingnear its upper end a longitudinal slot h, receiving a pin 71 projectingfrom a block .2, which is mounted to slide upon a guide-bar z, the saidlever being thereby steadied and directed in its movements. The lever his provided with means for vibrating the same, which will be describedhereinafter.

It is necessary to form a shed for the reception of the weft-thread inthe loops of warpthread stretched across from one belt to the other.This may variously be effected. A

convenient means of effecting the shedding is that which is illustratedin the drawings, wherein the opening of successive sheds in the loops ofwarp-th read is occasioned byim parting a rocking movement to one set ofthe supports therefor first in one direction and then in the other.

The points 9 upon the carrier-belt D are simply fixed thereto along theinner edge thereof and stand up at about a right angle to the surface ofthe belt, while the points 9 of the carrier-belt D are each fixed to theinner end of a rod a, which is mounted to turn in bearings formed insmall blocks a a applied to the outer surface of the said belt D. (SeeFig. 17.) These pointsgreceive and retain the bights formed in thewarp-thread, and

the rods a have imparted to them a rocking movement around their axes,whereby the opposite sides of each loop which has been formed in thewarp-thread are alternately presented uppermost, sheds being formedthereby for the reception of the weft-thread.

For the purpose of communicating the rock in g movement to the rods aeach rod a is provided with a pin projecting therefrom at right anglesto the length of the rod, and above the belt D in close proximity tothat portion thereof which extends horizontally across from the upperside of one roller B to the up per side of the other roller B isarranged a bar If, (see Figs. 1 and 7,) having on its undersideprojections o. This bar t slides in bearings made therefor in theupperparts of the brackets J J, by which the rollers B B are supported,and it is reeiprocated in the said bearings by devices which willhereinafter be described. When the said rod is reciprocated, theprojections 0; engage with the pins 9" on the rods a and turn the points9 first to one side and then to the other. The upper portion of the beltD, between the rollers B B, passes over a table 0 and is supportedthereby, so as to sustain the pins 0" in position to be acted upon bythe projections U, carried by the bar t.

In order to insure that the points 9 shall project at the proper angleto receive the loops of warp-thread as the said poin ts pass upwardaround the right-hand rollers 13, I provide the outer end of each rod awith a cross-bar 0, standing at right angles to the points g and pins 0'carried by the said rod, and adjacent to the said rollers 13, I place acurved guide 0 Fig. 3, having a pointed or tapering leading end, thecross-bars 0 bearing against the outer surface of the said curved guideas they are carried pastthe same,and the rods being thereby turned intocorrect position and there held until after the loops have been appliedthereto. The said supporting-points g are shaped as shown in thedrawings, they being flat and tapering gradually and being of sufficientbreadth to separate or open the loops of the warp-thread somewhat, inorder to permit of the introduction of a weft-carrier between them, theloops being presented in proper position for the passage of theweftthread between them when the points are turned to the one side orthe other.

I11 Fig. 7 I have shown the points 9 turned to the left, and in Fig. 9 Ihave shown the manner by which the weft-carrier passes through the loopson the said points when the latter are thus turned.

In Fig. 8 I have shown the points 9 turned to the right, and in Fig. 10I have shown the weft-carrier 0 passed through the loops on the saidpoints when the latter are thus turned.

The weft-thread may be inserted in various ways, and if desired ashuttle may be employed. I find it convenient to use as a weftcarrier orinsertor a needle or rod 0, inasmuch as the same can be made slender inorder to permit of it being insertedinto acomparatively narrow shed andinasmuch as it permits of the use of a weft-thread of great lengthcoming from a stationary bobbin or other convenient outside source ofsupply. The weft-thread g which is introduced by the aid of the needle 0is taken from a bobbin g or other convenient source of supply and passesthrough an eye at the forward end of the needle. I find it advisable tocause the needle 0 in introducing a length of weftthread to move in aline parallel with the series of points 9 carrying the loops of thewarpthread, inasmuch as the said loops are most widely spread close tothe points and the needle can there enter without obstruction. I alsofind it advisable to cause the needle in withdrawing from the shed toswing outward from the series of points g in order that a comb or seriesof wires constituting a reed may be caused to rise up back of the loopof weft-thread which has just been introduced and may act to comb orbeat up the said loop to the cloth-making line. The said needletherefore is pivoted at the outer end thereof by a pin a to a block I,which slides freely within a tube 70, extending parallel with the seriesof points J. The said rear end of the needle 0 has an arm 0 projectinglaterally therefrom and extending out through a slot in the side of thetube la. The reduced outer end of this arm 0 passes through aslot mformed in the upper end of a lever m, which is pivoted at its lower endto the loom-frame, and the said lever m is vibrated by means which willbe described hereinafter. In consequence of pivoting the needle at itsouter end to the block Z and causing the lever m to act upon the arm 0at one side of the pivot the needle is swung on the said pivot at eachchange in the direction of the movement of the lever m. to move in thedirection of the arrow in Fig. (5, or inward, after having completed itsoutward movement, the free end of the needle first is caused to assume aposition which places the needle in a line parallel with the series ofpoints g, and then the needle and block Z are caused to move endwisealong the tubek. As the needle is thrust inward it \Vhen the said leverm beginsmoves in a line parallel with the series of points g and asclose to the said series of points as is practicable, in order that itmay pass between the separate portions of the loops in the warp-threadas nearly as may be where the said portions are most widely separated.When the needle is at the end of its inward movement, or movement in thedirec tion of the arrow in Fig. 6, and the lever m begins to move in thereverse direction, the first effect is to turn the needle on its pivota, throwing the free end or point of the needle around in an arc of acircle and away from the series of points 9 sufficiently far to providefor the entrance of the dents or wires u,

of a reed or comb in among the portions of tions of weft-thread whichhas been introduced by the described action of the needle, after whichthe needle is drawn out from among the loops of the weft-thread inconsequence of the movement of blockl longitudi' nally of the tube 70.

As a result of introducing the weft-thread by means of the needle 0 theweft-thread will lie doubled upon itself or in loop form in eachcrossing in the portions of the warp-thread which extend from the points9 to the points 9''. In order to insure the proper formation of theloops in the weft-thread and prevent the said loops from being withdrawnas the needle is being drawn out of the shed and also for the purpose offorming a good selva-g'e at thatside of the fabric on which the saidfree ends of the loops terminate, I employ a sol vage-needle This needleis formed like an ordinary latch knitting-needle and by preference iscaused to reciprocate in a line parallel with the series of points. gand in line with the needle 0. It is caused to enter the shed from theside thereof which is opposite to the side on which the weft-carrierneedle 0 enters and is operated in such manner as that as the needle 0isnearing the end of its inward movement the said selvage-needle a shalladvance a short distance within the shed. to meet the needle 0. Then,after having caught the loop of weft-thread introduced by the needle 0,it shall withdraw from the shed with the said loop, and afterwarchafterhaving advanced in like manner into the succeeding shed and engaged thenext loop of weft-thread and withdrawn, the first loop engaged there byshall become interchained with the second loop, and so on, therebyforming a close chainloop or knitted selvage, which may be made in likemanner onthe other edge of the fabric by using a similar latch-needlewith like motions. The needle a is long and slender, so as to permit itto pass readily into the shed, which on the side thereof adjacent to thesaid needle is very much contracted, and the said needle or the stemcarrying the same slides through a block a, which is mounted on theframe A, Figs. 1 and 6, it being operated by means which willhereinafter be described.

ICC

IIO

reed or comb is pivoted to the frame A at a point adjacent to theleft-hand end of the belt D in Fig. 6, and the said reed or comb is soarranged and operated that when the free end thereof is carried forwardinto its most advanced position in the 100111 the said reed crosses theloops of warp-thread on a line at right angles thereto.

The reed is operated bymeans of devices which will be describedl]6l6ll1tfll6l,tl1d which impart to the free end thereof a movement inapproximately a circular path, whereby the teeth of the reed are causedto pass upward among the loops of warp-thread stretched across from thepoints 9 to the points g behind the last-introduced loop of weft-thread,then moved forward to carry the said loop of weft-thread to thecloth-making line, and then withdrawn from among the loops ofwarp-thread and reinserted behind the next loop of weft-thread, and soon. The onward movement of the belts D D feeds along the cloth as fastas it is woven. In order to strip the loops of warp-thread from thepoints or supports 9, an inclined plate 15 Fig. 15, is applied to theloom-frame adjacent to the left-hand roller 1). The points g, while supported by the projections e on the bar 25, are maintained in properposition to hold the loops of weft-thread thereon, but when they arecarried downward in the movement of the belt D around the left-handroller B they pass beyond the control of the project-ions e and are leftfree to turn up, so as to draw out of the loops.

The foregoing parts constitute the characteristic features of myimproved loom. The mechanism for actuating the parts which have so farbeen mentioned herein will now be described. The driving-shaft of themachine is shown at 11*, and 6 Figs. 1 and 2, is a band-pulley thereonwhich is intended to have a driving-band passed around the same. Agear-wheel h fast upon the said shaft 6 meshes with a gear-wheel gturning on a stud fixed to the loom-frame, the said gearwheel carrying acrank t that is connected by a link or connecting-rod y with lever m, bywhich the weft-inserting needle or carrier 0 is actuated. The said leverm is utilized in the actuation of the endless carrier-belts D D and alsoof the bar 75, by which the points (,7 are rocked, and of theselvage-needle 64 .The roller B shown at the right-hand side in Fig. 1and the left-hand roller 1) shown in Fig. 15 are formed on the outerfaces thereof with the ratchet-teeth b and 3 respectively,

and with these teeth engage pawls i and t,

respectively, which are carried by arms 2' and 1 respectively, thesearms being journaled upon the outer ends of the studs on which the saidrollers B and l) rotate. The lower end of arm 1' is pivotally connectedto a rod 25, which at one end thereof is pivotally connected with oneend of a lever h, that is pivoted at p on the loom-frame at the lefthandend thereof in Fig. 1. (See also Figs. 15 and 16.) The opposite end oflever h is connected by the link 72 with the lower end of arm Theright-hand end of rod 25 in Fig. 1 has a slot t extending longitudinallythereof, and in the slot plays a pin 15 pro jecting from the side oflever 772. By these devices the endless carrier-belts D D alternatelyare given the necessary intermittent advancing movement.

The bar If is connected by a rod u with the upper end of a lever R,which is pivoted upon the left-hand bracket J, the lower end of the saidlever being in operative connection with a crank-pin on the back of thedisk a, which is mounted on a pivot on the loom-frame. From the outerface of this disk project two pins e c, Fig. 4, these pins being placedon opposite sides of the center of the disk. Be-

tween these pins extends the left-hand end i of a rod 8, which at itsright-hand end has a slot .s-Lin which plays a pin s ,projecting fromthe side of lever m, Fig. 1. The left-hand end of rod .9 is formed witha double hook d, fitted to engage with the pins e e, and the said endalso is formed adjacent to the said hooks with guard projections ff onthe opposite edges of the rod. A spring r bears against the side of rod3 with considerable friction. The left-hand end of rod 3 is connected bya rod t with the lower end of a leverv which is pivoted upon theloom-frame and has the upper end thereof connected with the lefthand endof the selvage-needle a By these devices the selvage-needle is given thenecessary endwise movement, and the bar is reciprocated for the purposeof rocking the points g, the disk at being turned first in one directionand then in the other, for the purl.

engage with the upper pin a as the rod 5 moves to the right, the saiddouble hook being raised in consequence of the lower guard projection fresting upon the lower pin 6 and being prevented from falling after theprojection fpasses from pin 6 by the spring 1". After rod 8 has moved tothe right and returned the parts will stand in the positions in whichthey are represented in Fig. 5, with the upper guard projection bearingagainst the upper pin 6 and the lower member of thedoublo hook cl inengagement with the lower pin 6, in readiness to turn the disk at themovement of rod 3 to the right in the opposite direction to that inwhich the said disk was moved when the parts were in the positionsoccupied in Fig. 4. The friction occasioned by the bear ing of spring 0against the side of rod 3 holds the rod 5 in the position shown in Fig.at, or in that shown in Fig. 5, until itis moved from either one of suchpositions into the other by the contact of one of the guard projectionsfwith one of the pins 6. A bevel-pinion c1 Fig. 2, on the inner end ofshaft 5 engages a bevel gear-wheel (Z on a shaft 1' mounted in bearin gson the loom-frame at an angle to the shaft 12 the said shaft 1' beingprovided with a crank j, connected by a rod f with the lever h.- Therebythe said lever is vibrated to lay the warp-thread around the points g g.

The free end of the reed-bar or backing w is pivotally connected withthe upper end of a rod to, which is fitted to slide vertically through ahole in a bracket 0, fixed to the loom-frame, and to swing laterally onits bearings in the said hole. Thelower end of rod to is connected to acrank-pin carried by a bevel gear-wheel m, Fig. 19, which is mounted toturn loosely on the inner end of shaft r and is driven by a bevelgear-wheel 7L fixed on the driving-shaft b In consequence of the reedbeing pivoted to the loom-frame at one end and of the rod w having abearing and driving connections such as described the free end of thereed is caused to travel in the circular path which is represented inFig. 19.

The belts D D are advanced alternately, as described, in order that thelooping of the warp-thread about the supports or points on the saidbelts alternately may properly be effected. Thus when the warp-guide hswings outward by the belt 1), laying the warp-thread over a supportthereon, the said belt is advanced one step, so that when the guidereturns the warp-thread shall pass underneath the said support and belooped around the same, and as the guide continues to swing across afterit reaches belt D and lays the warp-thread over a support thereon thislatter belt is advanced a step, so as to provide for the looping of thewarp-thread around this support in the return of the guide. The turningof the loops of warp-thread first in one-way and then in the other takesplace when the needle is withdrawn from the shed, and so does thefeeding of belt I), but the feeding of belt D takes place when theneedle is within the shed. The feeding forward of the fabric as fast aswoven is effected by the advance of the belts D D, and the cloth asdelivered from the supports on the said belts passes forward from thesupports over the roll (1 from which it may fall to the floor, ifdesired. The fabric may be passed between the roll (Z and its companionroll (Z to the cloth-roll d and be Wound upon the latter at intervals byhand, if desired.

The fabric e produced by the loom which has been described is acontinuous fabric having the warp and weft threads thereof bothextending diagonally across the width thereof from side to side and atright angles, or approximately such, to each other, and has perfectselvages at both sides thereof. This fabric is shown in Figs. 11 and 11Selvages do not exist in the fabric made by cutting a web diagonallyinto strips and uniting such strips end to end, as hereinbeforedescribed, and as is old in the art. When the fabric is wound spirallyaround the inner portion or core of ahose-pipe in the manner representedin Fig. 12, the selvage edges thereof are fitted closely together andone set of loops extends circumferentially around the said core, whilethe other set extends in the direction of the length thereof, whichbrings both the radial and longitudinal strain in line with the threadsand prevents all stretching out of shape from the pressure on the hose.

Having thus described my improvements, I claim as my invention anddesire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A continuous woven'web or fabrichaving a set of warp-threads always parallel to themselves and a set ofweft-threads always parallel to themselves, each of which sets extendfrom side to side and back diagonally across the web substantially asand for the purpose described.

2. A continuous woven web or fabric having selvages on both edgesthereof, and having a set of warp-threads and a set of weftthreads eachof which sets extends from side to side and back diagonally across theweb, crossing each other at or approximately at right anglessubstantially as and for the purpose described.

3. A continuous woven web or fabric havin g the warp and weft threadsthereof in the form of loops extending in opposite directions diagonallyacross the same from edge to edge and crossing each other at orapproximately at right angles, and having the ends of the loops ofweft-thread enchained at one edge to form a selvage, substantially asdescribed.

4:. The combination with two traveling series of warp holders orsupports adapted to have a warp-thread looped diagonally across from oneseries to the other, and means for causing the same to travel forward,of devices for forming sheds for the reception. of weft in the loopsextending across between the two series, substantially as described.

5. The combination with two traveling series of warp holders or supportsadapted to have a warp-thread looped diagonally from one series to theother, means for causing the same to travel forward, and devices forforming sheds for the reception of weft in the in the loops ofwarp-thread extending across between the two series, of devices forinserting weft into the sheds as formed, a diagonally-placed reed, anddevices for actuating the same, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 4th day of August,A. D. 1896.

BEN JAMIN ARNOLD.

In presence of JAMES W. RICHARDSON, L. J. BUsH.

